const{Fragment:i,jsx:h,jsxs:t}=arguments[0];function _createMdxContent(s){const e={a:"a",code:"code",figcaption:"figcaption",figure:"figure",h2:"h2",h3:"h3",img:"img",li:"li",ol:"ol",p:"p",pre:"pre",span:"span",table:"table",tbody:"tbody",td:"td",th:"th",thead:"thead",tr:"tr",ul:"ul",...s.components},{Callout:a,Diagram:k,E:d,RelatedPost:l}=e;return a||_missingMdxReference("Callout",!0),k||_missingMdxReference("Diagram",!0),d||_missingMdxReference("E",!0),l||_missingMdxReference("RelatedPost",!0),t(i,{children:[t(e.p,{children:["주문 서버가 한 대일 때는 앞 글에서 옵션 SKU별 ",h(e.span,{"data-rehype-pretty-code-figure":"",children:h(e.code,{"data-language":"plaintext","data-theme":"one-light one-dark-pro github-light github-dark vitesse-light vitesse-dark",children:h(e.span,{"data-line":"",children:h(e.span,{children:"ConcurrentHashMap"})})})}),"이나 ",h(e.span,{"data-rehype-pretty-code-figure":"",children:h(e.code,{"data-language":"plaintext","data-theme":"one-light one-dark-pro github-light github-dark vitesse-light vitesse-dark",children:h(e.span,{"data-line":"",children:h(e.span,{children:"SELECT ... FOR UPDATE"})})})})," ",h(e.a,{href:"/posts/mini-coupang-order-concurrency-locks","data-keyword-link":"true",children:"비관적 락"}),"으로 동시 차감을 직렬화했습니다. 그런데 결제는 외부 PG 호출이라 한 트랜잭션이 수백 ms에서 수 초까지 늘어나기 쉽고, 비관적 락은 그 시간 내내 행 X 락을 점유합니다. 인기 옵션 하나에 트래픽이 몰리면 처리량이 1행 × 1 커넥션 × 결제 응답 시간으로 묶이고, 인스턴스가 두 대로 늘면 JVM 안의 락 풀은 서로 다른 인스턴스라 같은 옵션을 동시에 놓칠 수 있습니다. 이 글은 그 한계를 풀기 위해 미니쿠팡이 재고 선점을 ",h(e.a,{href:"/posts/redis-essentials","data-keyword-link":"true",children:"Redis"}),"로 옮기되, 왜 단순 ",h(e.span,{"data-rehype-pretty-code-figure":"",children:h(e.code,{"data-language":"plaintext","data-theme":"one-light one-dark-pro github-light github-dark vitesse-light vitesse-dark",children:h(e.span,{"data-line":"",children:h(e.span,{children:"GET → 검증 → DECRBY"})})})}),"가 아니라 ",h(d,{children:"Luascript 한 명령으로 묶어야 했는지"}),"를 정리합니다."]}),"\n",h(l,{slug:"mini-coupang-order-concurrency-locks",type:"prerequisite"}),"\n",t(e.ul,{children:["\n",h(e.li,{children:"주문 서비스 인스턴스는 두 대 이상으로 가정합니다."}),"\n",h(e.li,{children:"재고는 옵션(SKU) 단위, 단일 Redis 인스턴스가 가용 재고의 최신값을 들고 있습니다."}),"\n",t(e.li,{children:["결제는 외부 PG 호출이며 ",h(e.span,{"data-rehype-pretty-code-figure":"",children:h(e.code,{"data-language":"plaintext","data-theme":"one-light one-dark-pro github-light github-dark vitesse-light vitesse-dark",children:h(e.span,{"data-line":"",children:h(e.span,{children:"confirm"})})})})," 트랜잭션 밖에서 일어납니다."]}),"\n"]}),"\n",h(e.h2,{id:"요구사항과-제약",children:"요구사항과 제약"}),"\n",h(e.p,{children:"기능 요구사항은 세 가지입니다."}),"\n",t(e.ol,{children:["\n",t(e.li,{children:["주문 서비스는 결제 인증 시작 직전에 상품 서비스에 재고 선점을 요청합니다.","\n",t(e.ul,{children:["\n",t(e.li,{children:["재고 선점: ",h(e.span,{"data-rehype-pretty-code-figure":"",children:h(e.code,{"data-language":"plaintext","data-theme":"one-light one-dark-pro github-light github-dark vitesse-light vitesse-dark",children:h(e.span,{"data-line":"",children:h(e.span,{children:"/internal/stocks/{optionId}/reserve"})})})})]}),"\n"]}),"\n"]}),"\n",t(e.li,{children:["재고 부족 시 ",h(e.span,{"data-rehype-pretty-code-figure":"",children:h(e.code,{"data-language":"plaintext","data-theme":"one-light one-dark-pro github-light github-dark vitesse-light vitesse-dark",children:h(e.span,{"data-line":"",children:h(e.span,{children:"INSUFFICIENT_AMOUNT"})})})}),"로 즉시 거절되며, 같은 옵션에 동시 선점 요청이 몰려도 성공한 합이 가용 재고를 넘지 않아야 합니다."]}),"\n",t(e.li,{children:["결제가 실패하면 보상 이벤트로 선점한 수량만큼 Redis 재고를 다시 ",h(e.span,{"data-rehype-pretty-code-figure":"",children:h(e.code,{"data-language":"plaintext","data-theme":"one-light one-dark-pro github-light github-dark vitesse-light vitesse-dark",children:h(e.span,{"data-line":"",children:h(e.span,{children:"INCRBY"})})})}),"로 풀어 줍니다."]}),"\n"]}),"\n",h(e.p,{children:"평시에 결제 단계는 PG 응답 시간이 사용자 체감 지연의 대부분을 차지하므로, 재고 선점 단계는 그 안에서 가능한 한 짧고 락 점유가 없는 형태가 바람직합니다. 핫딜 윈도에서는 같은 옵션에 100명 이상의 동시 선점 요청이 몰리는 시나리오를 가정합니다."}),"\n",h(e.h2,{id:"아키텍처-결정",children:"아키텍처 결정"}),"\n",h(k,{caption:"주문 서비스 N개와 상품 서비스 N개 모두 단일 Redis 키로 모이고, 결제 확정 이후에 단일 RDB가 영구 차감을 받는다",children:'flowchart LR\n subgraph Orders["주문 서비스 (N개 인스턴스)"]\n O1["주문 #1"]\n O2["주문 #2"]\n ON["주문 #N"]\n end\n subgraph Products["상품 서비스 (N개 인스턴스)"]\n P1["재고 수정 요청 #1"]\n P2["재고 수정 요청 #2"]\n PN["재고 수정 요청 #N"]\n end\n subgraph Consumers["상품 서비스 컨슈머 (N개 인스턴스)"]\n C1["주문 이벤트 처리 #1"]\n CN["주문 이벤트 처리 #N"]\n end\n Redis[("상품 Redis")]\n Mysql[("RDB
재고 영속")]\n Kafka[("Kafka: order.confirmed
order.payment-failed")]\n\n O1 --\x3e|Feign| P1\n O2 --\x3e|Feign| P2\n ON --\x3e|Feign| PN\n P1 --\x3e Redis\n P2 --\x3e Redis\n PN --\x3e Redis\n Kafka --\x3e C1\n Kafka --\x3e CN\n C1 --\x3e|결제 확정
영구 차감| Mysql\n CN --\x3e|결제 확정
영구 차감| Mysql\n C1 --\x3e|결제 실패 보상
INCRBY| Redis\n CN --\x3e|결제 실패 보상
INCRBY| Redis\n\n classDef key stroke:#16a34a,stroke-width:2px;\n class Redis,Mysql key\n'}),"\n",h(e.p,{children:"결정은 네 가지입니다."}),"\n",t(e.ol,{children:["\n",t(e.li,{children:[h(d,{children:"Redis가 가용 재고의 단일 소유자"}),"입니다. 주문 서비스와 상품 서비스가 모두 N개로 확장되어도 자기 메모리에 잔량을 들고 있지 않고, 모든 선점 시도가 단일 Redis 키 ",h(e.span,{"data-rehype-pretty-code-figure":"",children:h(e.code,{"data-language":"plaintext","data-theme":"one-light one-dark-pro github-light github-dark vitesse-light vitesse-dark",children:h(e.span,{"data-line":"",children:h(e.span,{children:"stock:option:{id}"})})})}),"에 모입니다. 인스턴스를 늘려도 같은 키 하나를 보기 때문에 분산 환경에서 정합성 범위가 깨지지 않습니다."]}),"\n",t(e.li,{children:["영구 재고는 MySQL에 따로 둡니다. Redis는 휘발이고 ",h(e.a,{href:"/posts/single-point-of-failure","data-keyword-link":"true",children:"단일 장애점"}),"이므로, 결제까지 성공한 주문(",h(e.span,{"data-rehype-pretty-code-figure":"",children:h(e.code,{"data-language":"plaintext","data-theme":"one-light one-dark-pro github-light github-dark vitesse-light vitesse-dark",children:h(e.span,{"data-line":"",children:h(e.span,{children:"order.confirmed"})})})}),")이 도착했을 때만 MySQL ",h(e.span,{"data-rehype-pretty-code-figure":"",children:h(e.code,{"data-language":"plaintext","data-theme":"one-light one-dark-pro github-light github-dark vitesse-light vitesse-dark",children:h(e.span,{"data-line":"",children:h(e.span,{children:"option_stocks"})})})}),"를 영구 차감합니다. Redis와 MySQL이 일시적으로 어긋나도 confirmed 이벤트가 진실의 기준이 됩니다."]}),"\n",t(e.li,{children:["동시 차감의 정합성은 행 락 대신 Redis ",h(e.span,{"data-rehype-pretty-code-figure":"",children:h(e.code,{"data-language":"plaintext","data-theme":"one-light one-dark-pro github-light github-dark vitesse-light vitesse-dark",children:h(e.span,{"data-line":"",children:h(e.span,{children:"EVAL"})})})}),"의 원자성으로 풉니다. 비관적 락이 ",h(e.span,{"data-rehype-pretty-code-figure":"",children:h(e.code,{"data-language":"plaintext","data-theme":"one-light one-dark-pro github-light github-dark vitesse-light vitesse-dark",children:h(e.span,{"data-line":"",children:h(e.span,{children:"결제 응답 시간 + 트랜잭션 길이"})})})}),"만큼 행을 점유하던 문제를 피하기 위해, 선점은 트랜잭션 밖에서 한 명령에 끝냅니다."]}),"\n",t(e.li,{children:["결제 실패 보상은 같은 키에 ",h(e.span,{"data-rehype-pretty-code-figure":"",children:h(e.code,{"data-language":"plaintext","data-theme":"one-light one-dark-pro github-light github-dark vitesse-light vitesse-dark",children:h(e.span,{"data-line":"",children:h(e.span,{children:"INCRBY"})})})}),"로 되돌립니다. 보상 처리 자체도 한 명령이라 추가 락이 필요 없습니다."]}),"\n"]}),"\n",h(e.h2,{id:"분산-락-후보-비교",children:"분산 락 후보 비교"}),"\n",h(e.p,{children:"선점을 트랜잭션 밖으로 빼는 방법은 여러 가지가 있습니다. 각 후보가 어떤 비용을 내는지 정리합니다."}),"\n",t(e.table,{children:[h(e.thead,{children:t(e.tr,{children:[h(e.th,{children:"후보"}),h(e.th,{children:"동작"}),h(e.th,{children:"락 보유 시간"}),h(e.th,{children:"단일 장애점"}),h(e.th,{children:"미니쿠팡 적합성"})]})}),t(e.tbody,{children:[t(e.tr,{children:[t(e.td,{children:["비관적 락(",h(e.span,{"data-rehype-pretty-code-figure":"",children:h(e.code,{"data-language":"plaintext","data-theme":"one-light one-dark-pro github-light github-dark vitesse-light vitesse-dark",children:h(e.span,{"data-line":"",children:h(e.span,{children:"FOR UPDATE"})})})}),")"]}),h(e.td,{children:"DB 행 X 락을 트랜잭션 commit까지 유지"}),h(e.td,{children:"결제 응답 시간 + 트랜잭션 길이"}),h(e.td,{children:"DB"}),h(e.td,{children:"인기 옵션에서 처리량이 1행으로 묶여 부적합"})]}),t(e.tr,{children:[t(e.td,{children:["분산 락(",h(e.a,{href:"/posts/lettuce-vs-redisson","data-keyword-link":"true",children:"Redisson"})," Redlock)"]}),h(e.td,{children:"별도 락 키를 잡고 임계 영역 진입, TTL로 자동 해제"}),h(e.td,{children:"임계 영역 길이"}),h(e.td,{children:"Redis 클러스터 다수결"}),h(e.td,{children:"임계 영역이 한 명령이라면 락 자체가 과한 비용"})]}),t(e.tr,{children:[t(e.td,{children:["Redis 원자 차감(",h(e.span,{"data-rehype-pretty-code-figure":"",children:h(e.code,{"data-language":"plaintext","data-theme":"one-light one-dark-pro github-light github-dark vitesse-light vitesse-dark",children:h(e.span,{"data-line":"",children:h(e.span,{children:"EVAL"})})})}),")"]}),t(e.td,{children:["한 ",h(e.span,{"data-rehype-pretty-code-figure":"",children:h(e.code,{"data-language":"plaintext","data-theme":"one-light one-dark-pro github-light github-dark vitesse-light vitesse-dark",children:h(e.span,{"data-line":"",children:h(e.span,{children:"EVAL"})})})})," 명령 안에서 ",h(e.span,{"data-rehype-pretty-code-figure":"",children:h(e.code,{"data-language":"plaintext","data-theme":"one-light one-dark-pro github-light github-dark vitesse-light vitesse-dark",children:h(e.span,{"data-line":"",children:h(e.span,{children:"GET"})})})}),"·검증·",h(e.span,{"data-rehype-pretty-code-figure":"",children:h(e.code,{"data-language":"plaintext","data-theme":"one-light one-dark-pro github-light github-dark vitesse-light vitesse-dark",children:h(e.span,{"data-line":"",children:h(e.span,{children:"DECRBY"})})})})," 수행"]}),h(e.td,{children:"명령 실행 시간(1ms 이내)"}),h(e.td,{children:"Redis"}),h(e.td,{children:"한 명령으로 끝나는 선점에 적합"})]})]})]}),"\n",t(e.p,{children:["미니쿠팡은 세 번째를 택했습니다. 분산 락이 자체 락 키를 잡고 임계 영역을 보호하는 일반 도구라면, Redis 원자 차감은 ",h(d,{children:"임계 영역 자체가 한 명령"}),"이라 락 키가 필요 없는 특수한 경우입니다. 선점 로직이 ",h(d,{children:'"잔량을 보고, 충분하면 깎는다" 한 단계'}),"라서 한 ",h(e.span,{"data-rehype-pretty-code-figure":"",children:h(e.code,{"data-language":"plaintext","data-theme":"one-light one-dark-pro github-light github-dark vitesse-light vitesse-dark",children:h(e.span,{"data-line":"",children:h(e.span,{children:"EVAL"})})})})," 안에 그대로 들어갑니다. 임계 영역이 두 단계 이상이거나 다른 키를 함께 다뤄야 한다면 그때는 분산 락이 다시 후보로 올라옵니다."]}),"\n",h(e.h2,{id:"redis만으로는-race가-다시-등장한다",children:"Redis만으로는 race가 다시 등장한다"}),"\n",t(e.p,{children:["Redis가 단일 스레드라는 사실이 모든 동시성 문제를 막아 주는 것은 아닙니다. Redis가 보장하는 것은 ",h(d,{children:"한 명령의 원자성"}),"이지, 한 클라이언트가 보낸 두 명령 사이가 아니라는 점이 핵심입니다. 가령 선점 로직을 클라이언트 코드에서 다음처럼 풀어 쓴다면 race가 바로 돌아옵니다."]}),"\n",t(e.figure,{"data-rehype-pretty-code-figure":"",children:[t(e.figcaption,{"data-rehype-pretty-code-title":"","data-language":"kt","data-theme":"one-light one-dark-pro github-light github-dark vitesse-light vitesse-dark",children:[h(e.span,{className:"code-lang-icon","data-lang":"kt","data-len":"2","aria-hidden":"true",children:"KT"}),"NaiveStockReserve.kt"]}),h(e.pre,{className:"has-highlighted",tabIndex:"0","data-language":"kotlin","data-theme":"one-light one-dark-pro github-light github-dark vitesse-light vitesse-dark",children:t(e.code,{"data-language":"kotlin","data-theme":"one-light one-dark-pro github-light github-dark vitesse-light 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quantity) "})]}),"\n",h(e.span,{"data-line":"",children:h(e.span,{style:{"--shiki-atom-light":"#383A42","--shiki-atom-dark":"#ABB2BF","--shiki-github-light":"#24292E","--shiki-github-dark":"#E1E4E8","--shiki-vitesse-light":"#393A34","--shiki-vitesse-dark":"#DBD7CAEE"},children:"}"})})]})})]}),"\n",t(e.p,{children:[h(e.span,{"data-rehype-pretty-code-figure":"",children:h(e.code,{"data-language":"plaintext","data-theme":"one-light one-dark-pro github-light github-dark vitesse-light vitesse-dark",children:h(e.span,{"data-line":"",children:h(e.span,{children:"GET"})})})}),"과 ",h(e.span,{"data-rehype-pretty-code-figure":"",children:h(e.code,{"data-language":"plaintext","data-theme":"one-light one-dark-pro github-light github-dark vitesse-light vitesse-dark",children:h(e.span,{"data-line":"",children:h(e.span,{children:"DECRBY"})})})})," 사이에 다른 인스턴스가 같은 키를 ",h(e.span,{"data-rehype-pretty-code-figure":"",children:h(e.code,{"data-language":"plaintext","data-theme":"one-light one-dark-pro github-light github-dark vitesse-light vitesse-dark",children:h(e.span,{"data-line":"",children:h(e.span,{children:"GET"})})})}),"하면 두 인스턴스 모두 같은 잔량을 보고 통과합니다. 그다음 둘 다 ",h(e.span,{"data-rehype-pretty-code-figure":"",children:h(e.code,{"data-language":"plaintext","data-theme":"one-light one-dark-pro github-light github-dark vitesse-light vitesse-dark",children:h(e.span,{"data-line":"",children:h(e.span,{children:"DECRBY"})})})}),"를 보내 잔량이 음수가 되거나, 잔량 1짜리 키에 두 인스턴스가 모두 차감을 성공시켜 한 명분 더 팔리는 결과가 나옵니다."]}),"\n",h(k,{caption:"두 상품 서비스 인스턴스가 GET-검증-DECRBY를 별개 명령으로 보내면, 검증 단계에서 같은 잔량을 본 채 둘 다 통과한다",children:'sequenceDiagram\n participant A as 상품 서비스 #1\n participant B as 상품 서비스 #2\n participant R as Redis (단일 스레드)\n\n A->>R: GET stock:option:42\n R--\x3e>A: "1"\n B->>R: GET stock:option:42\n R--\x3e>B: "1"\n A->>A: 1 >= 1, 통과\n B->>B: 1 >= 1, 통과\n A->>R: DECRBY stock:option:42 1\n R--\x3e>A: 0\n B->>R: DECRBY stock:option:42 1\n R--\x3e>B: -1\n'}),"\n",t(e.p,{children:["Redis는 ",h(e.span,{"data-rehype-pretty-code-figure":"",children:h(e.code,{"data-language":"plaintext","data-theme":"one-light one-dark-pro github-light github-dark vitesse-light vitesse-dark",children:h(e.span,{"data-line":"",children:h(e.span,{children:"GET"})})})})," 두 번과 ",h(e.span,{"data-rehype-pretty-code-figure":"",children:h(e.code,{"data-language":"plaintext","data-theme":"one-light one-dark-pro github-light github-dark vitesse-light vitesse-dark",children:h(e.span,{"data-line":"",children:h(e.span,{children:"DECRBY"})})})})," 두 번을 모두 자기 명령 큐에 한 줄로 세워 처리했습니다. 한 명령 안에서 본 잔량은 정확합니다. 그런데도 race가 일어나는 이유는 클라이언트가 보낸 ",h(d,{children:"의사결정 단위가 한 명령이 아니기 때문"}),"입니다. ",h(e.span,{"data-rehype-pretty-code-figure":"",children:h(e.code,{"data-language":"plaintext","data-theme":"one-light one-dark-pro github-light github-dark vitesse-light vitesse-dark",children:h(e.span,{"data-line":"",children:h(e.span,{children:"GET"})})})}),"과 ",h(e.span,{"data-rehype-pretty-code-figure":"",children:h(e.code,{"data-language":"plaintext","data-theme":"one-light one-dark-pro github-light github-dark vitesse-light vitesse-dark",children:h(e.span,{"data-line":"",children:h(e.span,{children:"DECRBY"})})})})," 사이의 빈 자리에 다른 클라이언트의 ",h(e.span,{"data-rehype-pretty-code-figure":"",children:h(e.code,{"data-language":"plaintext","data-theme":"one-light one-dark-pro github-light github-dark vitesse-light vitesse-dark",children:h(e.span,{"data-line":"",children:h(e.span,{children:"GET"})})})}),"이 끼어들 수 있고, 그 시점에는 아직 차감되지 않은 옛 잔량이 그대로 보입니다."]}),"\n",h(e.h2,{id:"luascript로-한-명령에-묶기",children:"Luascript로 한 명령에 묶기"}),"\n",t(e.p,{children:["해결책은 ",h(e.span,{"data-rehype-pretty-code-figure":"",children:h(e.code,{"data-language":"plaintext","data-theme":"one-light one-dark-pro github-light github-dark vitesse-light vitesse-dark",children:h(e.span,{"data-line":"",children:h(e.span,{children:"GET"})})})}),"·검증·",h(e.span,{"data-rehype-pretty-code-figure":"",children:h(e.code,{"data-language":"plaintext","data-theme":"one-light one-dark-pro github-light github-dark vitesse-light vitesse-dark",children:h(e.span,{"data-line":"",children:h(e.span,{children:"DECRBY"})})})}),"를 한 ",h(e.span,{"data-rehype-pretty-code-figure":"",children:h(e.code,{"data-language":"plaintext","data-theme":"one-light one-dark-pro github-light github-dark vitesse-light vitesse-dark",children:h(e.span,{"data-line":"",children:h(e.span,{children:"EVAL"})})})})," 명령으로 묶어 Redis가 그 셋을 한 명령처럼 처리하게 만드는 것입니다. Redis ",h(e.span,{"data-rehype-pretty-code-figure":"",children:h(e.code,{"data-language":"plaintext","data-theme":"one-light one-dark-pro github-light github-dark vitesse-light vitesse-dark",children:h(e.span,{"data-line":"",children:h(e.span,{children:"EVAL"})})})}),"은 등록된 Luascript를 받으면 그 스크립트가 끝날 때까지 다른 명령을 받지 않고 직렬 실행하므로, 스크립트 안의 ",h(e.span,{"data-rehype-pretty-code-figure":"",children:h(e.code,{"data-language":"plaintext","data-theme":"one-light one-dark-pro github-light github-dark vitesse-light vitesse-dark",children:h(e.span,{"data-line":"",children:h(e.span,{children:"GET"})})})})," 결과는 같은 스크립트 안의 ",h(e.span,{"data-rehype-pretty-code-figure":"",children:h(e.code,{"data-language":"plaintext","data-theme":"one-light one-dark-pro github-light github-dark vitesse-light vitesse-dark",children:h(e.span,{"data-line":"",children:h(e.span,{children:"DECRBY"})})})}),"까지 변하지 않습니다."]}),"\n",t(e.p,{children:["미니쿠팡 ",h(e.span,{"data-rehype-pretty-code-figure":"",children:h(e.code,{"data-language":"plaintext","data-theme":"one-light one-dark-pro github-light github-dark vitesse-light vitesse-dark",children:h(e.span,{"data-line":"",children:h(e.span,{children:"ProductStockRedisRepository"})})})}),"는 두 개의 짧은 스크립트를 가집니다."]}),"\n",t(e.figure,{"data-rehype-pretty-code-figure":"",children:[t(e.figcaption,{"data-rehype-pretty-code-title":"","data-language":"java","data-theme":"one-light one-dark-pro github-light github-dark vitesse-light vitesse-dark",children:[h(e.span,{className:"code-lang-icon","data-lang":"java","data-len":"4","aria-hidden":"true",children:"JAVA"}),"ProductStockRedisRepository.java"]}),h(e.pre,{className:"has-highlighted",tabIndex:"0","data-language":"java","data-theme":"one-light one-dark-pro github-light github-dark vitesse-light vitesse-dark",children:t(e.code,{"data-language":"java","data-theme":"one-light one-dark-pro github-light github-dark vitesse-light 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규약은 한 가지로 통일했습니다. ",h(e.span,{"data-rehype-pretty-code-figure":"",children:h(e.code,{"data-language":"plaintext","data-theme":"one-light one-dark-pro github-light github-dark vitesse-light vitesse-dark",children:h(e.span,{"data-line":"",children:h(e.span,{children:"-1"})})})}),"은 키 없음(아직 등록되지 않은 옵션), ",h(e.span,{"data-rehype-pretty-code-figure":"",children:h(e.code,{"data-language":"plaintext","data-theme":"one-light one-dark-pro github-light github-dark vitesse-light vitesse-dark",children:h(e.span,{"data-line":"",children:h(e.span,{children:"-2"})})})}),"는 재고 부족, 0 이상은 차감 후 남은 잔량입니다. ",h(d,{children:"음수와 잔량을 한 long 값에 인코딩"}),"해 호출자가 분기 한 번으로 결과를 읽을 수 있게 했습니다."]}),"\n",t(e.p,{children:["호출자인 ",h(e.span,{"data-rehype-pretty-code-figure":"",children:h(e.code,{"data-language":"plaintext","data-theme":"one-light one-dark-pro github-light github-dark vitesse-light vitesse-dark",children:h(e.span,{"data-line":"",children:h(e.span,{children:"StockReserveService"})})})}),"는 이 반환값을 도메인 예외로 옮기는 얇은 역할만 합니다."]}),"\n",t(e.figure,{"data-rehype-pretty-code-figure":"",children:[t(e.figcaption,{"data-rehype-pretty-code-title":"","data-language":"java","data-theme":"one-light one-dark-pro github-light github-dark vitesse-light vitesse-dark",children:[h(e.span,{className:"code-lang-icon","data-lang":"java","data-len":"4","aria-hidden":"true",children:"JAVA"}),"StockReserveService.java"]}),h(e.pre,{className:"has-highlighted",tabIndex:"0","data-language":"java","data-theme":"one-light one-dark-pro github-light github-dark vitesse-light 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command"}),h(e.span,{style:{"--shiki-atom-light":"#383A42","--shiki-atom-dark":"#ABB2BF","--shiki-github-light":"#24292E","--shiki-github-dark":"#E1E4E8","--shiki-vitesse-light":"#999999","--shiki-vitesse-dark":"#666666"},children:"."}),h(e.span,{style:{"--shiki-atom-light":"#4078F2","--shiki-atom-dark":"#61AFEF","--shiki-github-light":"#6F42C1","--shiki-github-dark":"#B392F0","--shiki-vitesse-light":"#59873A","--shiki-vitesse-dark":"#80A665"},children:"quantity"}),h(e.span,{style:{"--shiki-atom-light":"#383A42","--shiki-atom-dark":"#ABB2BF","--shiki-github-light":"#24292E","--shiki-github-dark":"#E1E4E8","--shiki-vitesse-light":"#999999","--shiki-vitesse-dark":"#666666"},children:"(),"}),h(e.span,{style:{"--shiki-atom-light":"#383A42","--shiki-atom-dark":"#ABB2BF","--shiki-github-light":"#24292E","--shiki-github-dark":"#E1E4E8","--shiki-vitesse-light":"#393A34","--shiki-vitesse-dark":"#DBD7CAEE"},children:" result"}),h(e.span,{style:{"--shiki-atom-light":"#383A42","--shiki-atom-dark":"#ABB2BF","--shiki-github-light":"#24292E","--shiki-github-dark":"#E1E4E8","--shiki-vitesse-light":"#999999","--shiki-vitesse-dark":"#666666"},children:");"})]}),"\n",h(e.span,{"data-line":"",children:h(e.span,{style:{"--shiki-atom-light":"#383A42","--shiki-atom-dark":"#E06C75","--shiki-github-light":"#24292E","--shiki-github-dark":"#E1E4E8","--shiki-vitesse-light":"#999999","--shiki-vitesse-dark":"#666666"},children:"}"})})]})})]}),"\n",t(e.p,{children:["이 구조의 효과는 두 가지로 나타납니다. ",t(d,{children:[h(e.code,{children:"GET"}),"·검증·",h(e.code,{children:"DECRBY"}),"가 Redis 안에서 한 명령으로 묶이므로"]})," 여러 상품 서비스 인스턴스가 동시에 ",h(e.span,{"data-rehype-pretty-code-figure":"",children:h(e.code,{"data-language":"plaintext","data-theme":"one-light one-dark-pro github-light github-dark vitesse-light vitesse-dark",children:h(e.span,{"data-line":"",children:h(e.span,{children:"EVAL"})})})}),"을 보내도 한 ",h(e.span,{"data-rehype-pretty-code-figure":"",children:h(e.code,{"data-language":"plaintext","data-theme":"one-light one-dark-pro github-light github-dark vitesse-light vitesse-dark",children:h(e.span,{"data-line":"",children:h(e.span,{children:"EVAL"})})})}),"이 끝난 뒤 다음 ",h(e.span,{"data-rehype-pretty-code-figure":"",children:h(e.code,{"data-language":"plaintext","data-theme":"one-light one-dark-pro github-light github-dark vitesse-light vitesse-dark",children:h(e.span,{"data-line":"",children:h(e.span,{children:"EVAL"})})})}),"이 시작합니다. 잔량 1짜리 키에 두 ",h(e.span,{"data-rehype-pretty-code-figure":"",children:h(e.code,{"data-language":"plaintext","data-theme":"one-light one-dark-pro github-light github-dark vitesse-light vitesse-dark",children:h(e.span,{"data-line":"",children:h(e.span,{children:"EVAL"})})})}),"이 동시에 도착해도 첫 ",h(e.span,{"data-rehype-pretty-code-figure":"",children:h(e.code,{"data-language":"plaintext","data-theme":"one-light one-dark-pro github-light github-dark vitesse-light vitesse-dark",children:h(e.span,{"data-line":"",children:h(e.span,{children:"EVAL"})})})}),"은 0으로 만들고 두 번째 ",h(e.span,{"data-rehype-pretty-code-figure":"",children:h(e.code,{"data-language":"plaintext","data-theme":"one-light one-dark-pro github-light github-dark vitesse-light vitesse-dark",children:h(e.span,{"data-line":"",children:h(e.span,{children:"EVAL"})})})}),"은 그 0을 보고 ",h(e.span,{"data-rehype-pretty-code-figure":"",children:h(e.code,{"data-language":"plaintext","data-theme":"one-light one-dark-pro github-light github-dark vitesse-light vitesse-dark",children:h(e.span,{"data-line":"",children:h(e.span,{children:"-2"})})})}),"로 거절합니다. 또한 락 키나 타임아웃 같은 별도 객체를 운영하지 않아도 됩니다. 임계 영역이 한 ",h(e.span,{"data-rehype-pretty-code-figure":"",children:h(e.code,{"data-language":"plaintext","data-theme":"one-light one-dark-pro github-light github-dark vitesse-light vitesse-dark",children:h(e.span,{"data-line":"",children:h(e.span,{children:"EVAL"})})})})," 명령이라 보호 범위와 명령 범위가 일치합니다."]}),"\n",t(e.p,{children:[h(e.span,{"data-rehype-pretty-code-figure":"",children:h(e.code,{"data-language":"plaintext","data-theme":"one-light one-dark-pro github-light github-dark vitesse-light vitesse-dark",children:h(e.span,{"data-line":"",children:h(e.span,{children:"confirm"})})})}),"이 PG 거절로 실패하면 같은 옵션 키에 ",h(e.span,{"data-rehype-pretty-code-figure":"",children:h(e.code,{"data-language":"plaintext","data-theme":"one-light one-dark-pro github-light github-dark vitesse-light vitesse-dark",children:h(e.span,{"data-line":"",children:h(e.span,{children:"releaseStock"})})})}),"이 ",h(e.span,{"data-rehype-pretty-code-figure":"",children:h(e.code,{"data-language":"plaintext","data-theme":"one-light one-dark-pro github-light github-dark vitesse-light vitesse-dark",children:h(e.span,{"data-line":"",children:h(e.span,{children:"INCRBY"})})})}),"로 잔량을 되돌립니다. 보상 흐름 자체와 outbox·이벤트 처리는 자매 글에서 다룹니다."]}),"\n",h(l,{slug:"mini-coupang-choreography-saga",type:"deep-dive"}),"\n",h(a,{type:"error",title:"핵심 통찰: 동시성은 단일 스레드 엔진을 골랐다고 사라지지 않는다",children:t(e.p,{children:["Redis 단일 스레드는 한 명령의 원자성만 보장합니다. 두 명령 사이의 race는 단일 스레드 안에서도 그대로 일어납니다. 동시성이 사라지는 것은 한 의사결정 단위(잔량 검사 + 차감)를 한 명령(",h(e.span,{"data-rehype-pretty-code-figure":"",children:h(e.code,{"data-language":"plaintext","data-theme":"one-light one-dark-pro github-light github-dark vitesse-light vitesse-dark",children:h(e.span,{"data-line":"",children:h(e.span,{children:"EVAL"})})})}),")으로 만들었을 때입니다. Luascript의 가치는 빠른 실행이 아니라 임계 영역과 명령 범위를 일치시키는 데 있습니다."]})}),"\n",h(e.h2,{id:"통합-테스트-결과",children:"통합 테스트 결과"}),"\n",t(e.p,{children:["통합 테스트 환경에서 상품·주문·결제·알림 네 서비스를 모두 띄우고, ",h(e.span,{"data-rehype-pretty-code-figure":"",children:h(e.code,{"data-language":"plaintext","data-theme":"one-light one-dark-pro github-light github-dark vitesse-light vitesse-dark",children:h(e.span,{"data-line":"",children:h(e.span,{children:"ExecutorService"})})})})," 스레드 풀과 ",h(e.span,{"data-rehype-pretty-code-figure":"",children:h(e.code,{"data-language":"plaintext","data-theme":"one-light one-dark-pro github-light github-dark vitesse-light vitesse-dark",children:h(e.span,{"data-line":"",children:h(e.span,{children:"CountDownLatch"})})})})," 배리어를 적용해 동시 주문 시나리오를 작성했습니다. 각 시나리오는 동일한 옵션에 N명이 동시에 ",h(e.span,{"data-rehype-pretty-code-figure":"",children:h(e.code,{"data-language":"plaintext","data-theme":"one-light one-dark-pro github-light github-dark vitesse-light vitesse-dark",children:h(e.span,{"data-line":"",children:h(e.span,{children:"prepare"})})})})," → ",h(e.span,{"data-rehype-pretty-code-figure":"",children:h(e.code,{"data-language":"plaintext","data-theme":"one-light one-dark-pro github-light github-dark vitesse-light vitesse-dark",children:h(e.span,{"data-line":"",children:h(e.span,{children:"confirm"})})})}),"을 시도합니다."]}),"\n",h(e.h3,{id:"시나리오-1-재고-100-동시-50명",children:"시나리오 1. 재고 100, 동시 50명"}),"\n",h(e.p,{children:h(e.img,{src:"/images/posts/mini-coupang-redis-lua-stock-reserve/stock100-50concurrent.png",alt:"재고 100에 동시 50명 시나리오 결과, 50건 모두 PAID"})}),"\n",t(e.p,{children:["50건이 모두 결제까지 통과해 ",h(e.span,{"data-rehype-pretty-code-figure":"",children:h(e.code,{"data-language":"plaintext","data-theme":"one-light one-dark-pro github-light github-dark vitesse-light vitesse-dark",children:h(e.span,{"data-line":"",children:h(e.span,{children:"PAID"})})})})," 상태가 됩니다. Redis 잔량은 50, MySQL 잔량도 결제 확정 이벤트가 모두 적용된 뒤 50으로 수렴합니다. 가용 재고를 넘지 않는 평시 부하에서 Lua 선점이 정상 동작하는지 보는 기준선입니다."]}),"\n",h(e.h3,{id:"시나리오-2-재고-100-동시-101명",children:"시나리오 2. 재고 100, 동시 101명"}),"\n",h(e.p,{children:h(e.img,{src:"/images/posts/mini-coupang-redis-lua-stock-reserve/stock100-101concurrent.png",alt:"재고 100에 동시 101명 시나리오 결과, 100건 PAID + 1건 INSUFFICIENT_AMOUNT"})}),"\n",t(e.p,{children:["이 시나리오가 이 글의 핵심을 직접 검증합니다. 잔량 100짜리 키에 101개의 ",h(e.span,{"data-rehype-pretty-code-figure":"",children:h(e.code,{"data-language":"plaintext","data-theme":"one-light one-dark-pro github-light github-dark vitesse-light vitesse-dark",children:h(e.span,{"data-line":"",children:h(e.span,{children:"EVAL"})})})}),"이 거의 동시에 도착했을 때 정확히 100건만 0 이상의 잔량을 받고, 마지막 1건은 ",h(e.span,{"data-rehype-pretty-code-figure":"",children:h(e.code,{"data-language":"plaintext","data-theme":"one-light one-dark-pro github-light github-dark vitesse-light vitesse-dark",children:h(e.span,{"data-line":"",children:h(e.span,{children:"-2"})})})}),"(",h(e.span,{"data-rehype-pretty-code-figure":"",children:h(e.code,{"data-language":"plaintext","data-theme":"one-light one-dark-pro github-light github-dark vitesse-light vitesse-dark",children:h(e.span,{"data-line":"",children:h(e.span,{children:"INSUFFICIENT_AMOUNT"})})})}),")로 떨어집니다. Lua 없이 클라이언트에서 ",h(e.span,{"data-rehype-pretty-code-figure":"",children:h(e.code,{"data-language":"plaintext","data-theme":"one-light one-dark-pro github-light github-dark vitesse-light vitesse-dark",children:h(e.span,{"data-line":"",children:h(e.span,{children:"GET"})})})}),"·검증·",h(e.span,{"data-rehype-pretty-code-figure":"",children:h(e.code,{"data-language":"plaintext","data-theme":"one-light one-dark-pro github-light github-dark vitesse-light vitesse-dark",children:h(e.span,{"data-line":"",children:h(e.span,{children:"DECRBY"})})})}),"를 풀어 썼다면 이 위치에서 잔량 음수가 나오거나 101건 모두 통과하는 결과를 받았을 것입니다."]}),"\n",t(e.figure,{"data-rehype-pretty-code-figure":"",children:[t(e.figcaption,{"data-rehype-pretty-code-title":"","data-language":"java","data-theme":"one-light one-dark-pro github-light github-dark vitesse-light vitesse-dark",children:[h(e.span,{className:"code-lang-icon","data-lang":"java","data-len":"4","aria-hidden":"true",children:"JAVA"}),"Stock100Order101ConcurrentTest.java"]}),h(e.pre,{className:"has-highlighted",tabIndex:"0","data-language":"java","data-theme":"one-light one-dark-pro github-light github-dark vitesse-light vitesse-dark",children:t(e.code,{"data-language":"java","data-theme":"one-light one-dark-pro github-light github-dark vitesse-light 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3. 결제 실패 1건, 보상으로 잔량 복구"}),"\n",h(e.p,{children:h(e.img,{src:"/images/posts/mini-coupang-redis-lua-stock-reserve/payment-failed-detail.png",alt:"order.payment-failed 토픽에 발행된 메시지 상세, eventType과 payload가 그대로 노출된다"})}),"\n",t(e.p,{children:["PG가 거절을 돌려보내면 주문 서비스가 ",h(e.span,{"data-rehype-pretty-code-figure":"",children:h(e.code,{"data-language":"plaintext","data-theme":"one-light one-dark-pro github-light github-dark vitesse-light vitesse-dark",children:h(e.span,{"data-line":"",children:h(e.span,{children:"order.payment-failed"})})})}),"를 발행하고, 상품 서비스의 ",h(e.span,{"data-rehype-pretty-code-figure":"",children:h(e.code,{"data-language":"plaintext","data-theme":"one-light one-dark-pro github-light github-dark vitesse-light vitesse-dark",children:h(e.span,{"data-line":"",children:h(e.span,{children:"OrderEventProcessor"})})})}),"가 이를 수신해 ",h(e.span,{"data-rehype-pretty-code-figure":"",children:h(e.code,{"data-language":"plaintext","data-theme":"one-light one-dark-pro github-light github-dark vitesse-light vitesse-dark",children:h(e.span,{"data-line":"",children:h(e.span,{children:"releaseStock"})})})}),"을 호출합니다. 잔량 100짜리 옵션에 1건이 ",h(e.span,{"data-rehype-pretty-code-figure":"",children:h(e.code,{"data-language":"plaintext","data-theme":"one-light one-dark-pro github-light github-dark vitesse-light vitesse-dark",children:h(e.span,{"data-line":"",children:h(e.span,{children:"prepare"})})})}),"로 99까지 깎였다가 ",h(e.span,{"data-rehype-pretty-code-figure":"",children:h(e.code,{"data-language":"plaintext","data-theme":"one-light one-dark-pro github-light github-dark vitesse-light vitesse-dark",children:h(e.span,{"data-line":"",children:h(e.span,{children:"confirm"})})})})," 단계에서 결제가 실패해도, 보상 ",h(e.span,{"data-rehype-pretty-code-figure":"",children:h(e.code,{"data-language":"plaintext","data-theme":"one-light one-dark-pro github-light github-dark vitesse-light vitesse-dark",children:h(e.span,{"data-line":"",children:h(e.span,{children:"EVAL"})})})}),"이 ",h(e.span,{"data-rehype-pretty-code-figure":"",children:h(e.code,{"data-language":"plaintext","data-theme":"one-light one-dark-pro github-light github-dark vitesse-light vitesse-dark",children:h(e.span,{"data-line":"",children:h(e.span,{children:"INCRBY"})})})}),"로 다시 ",h(d,{children:"잔량 100으로 복구"}),"합니다. 화면 속 ",h(e.span,{"data-rehype-pretty-code-figure":"",children:h(e.code,{"data-language":"plaintext","data-theme":"one-light one-dark-pro github-light github-dark vitesse-light vitesse-dark",children:h(e.span,{"data-line":"",children:h(e.span,{children:"payload.reason: SIMULATED_FAILURE"})})})}),"가 통합 테스트가 의도적으로 발생시킨 결제 실패 메시지가 보상 컨슈머에 그대로 도달했음을 보여줍니다."]}),"\n",h(e.h3,{id:"네-시나리오-통합-통과-화면",children:"네 시나리오 통합 통과 화면"}),"\n",h(e.p,{children:h(e.img,{src:"/images/posts/mini-coupang-redis-lua-stock-reserve/test-results-overview.png",alt:"네 시나리오 통합 테스트 통과 화면"})}),"\n",h(e.p,{children:"위 세 시나리오에 더해 재고 100·동시 100명(모두 결제 성공) 케이스까지 네 시나리오가 모두 통과합니다. 동시 100명 케이스는 가용 재고 경계에 정확히 닿는 부하라 Lua 선점이 한 건도 흘리지 않고 마지막 한 건까지 통과시키는지를 확인합니다."}),"\n",h(e.h2,{id:"남은-한계와-다음-단계",children:"남은 한계와 다음 단계"}),"\n",t(e.p,{children:["이제 선점 ",h(e.span,{"data-rehype-pretty-code-figure":"",children:h(e.code,{"data-language":"plaintext","data-theme":"one-light one-dark-pro github-light github-dark vitesse-light vitesse-dark",children:h(e.span,{"data-line":"",children:h(e.span,{children:"EVAL"})})})}),"이 나간 직후 Redis 자체가 죽거나, 결제 확정 이벤트가 발행되기 전에 ",h(e.a,{href:"/posts/kafka-essentials","data-keyword-link":"true",children:"Kafka"}),"가 끊긴다면 잔량과 영구 재고는 어떻게 다시 맞출 수 있을까요? 같은 mini-coupang 시리즈의 다른 글에서 이어서 다뤄보겠습니다."]}),"\n",h(e.p,{children:h(e.a,{href:"https://deep.ing9990.com/?cat=mini-coupang",children:"mini-coupang 시리즈 모아보기"})}),"\n",h(e.h2,{id:"참고-자료",children:"참고 자료"}),"\n",t(e.ul,{children:["\n",t(e.li,{children:["Redis Documentation, ",h(e.a,{href:"https://redis.io/docs/latest/commands/eval/",children:"EVAL"})]}),"\n",t(e.li,{children:["Redis Documentation, ",h(e.a,{href:"https://redis.io/docs/latest/develop/interact/programmability/eval-intro/",children:"Programmability with Lua scripts"})]}),"\n",t(e.li,{children:[h(e.a,{href:"/posts/redis-template-essentials","data-keyword-link":"true",children:"Spring Data Redis"})," Reference, ",h(e.a,{href:"https://docs.spring.io/spring-data/redis/reference/redis/scripting.html",children:"Scripting"})]}),"\n",t(e.li,{children:["Martin Kleppmann, ",h(e.a,{href:"https://martin.kleppmann.com/2016/02/08/how-to-do-distributed-locking.html",children:"How to do distributed locking"})]}),"\n"]})]})}return{default:function(i={}){const{wrapper:t}=i.components||{};return t?h(t,{...i,children:h(_createMdxContent,{...i})}):_createMdxContent(i)}};function _missingMdxReference(i,h){throw new Error("Expected "+(h?"component":"object")+" `"+i+"` to be defined: you likely forgot to import, pass, or provide it.")}